*Why are witches associated with cats?*
Witches were thought to have 'familiars' - most often in cat form, who assisted them in their magic.
Cats are nocturnal creatures, who move under the cover of dark, and supposedly did their mistresses bidding at night. They are ambush hunters, making sudden, startling movements. Exquisitely sensitive, cats seem to commune with the invisible, precisely because they can see and hear things that humans cannot.
They are fiercely independent, refusing to follow anyone else's authority except their own. They move with pride and dignity.
Their eyes are incredibly spooky, with pupils that move from fully dilated to vertically slit - similar to those of snakes. And who made his first biblical appearance as a snake?
That’s right: Satan.
Everything that's threatening about cats, was similarly threatening about witches. Independent in nature, comfortable in the dark (the descent part of life), seeing the invisible (the unconscious), authoritative and dignified (wise one), witches had a kind of sight that was extraordinary, like a cat's - and terrifying to those whose actions were exploitative.
There's also a very non-spooky explanation for the relationship between cats and witches...
Much of the costume we now associate with witches comes from a time when women used to brew beer. Before modern systems, beer was safer to drink than water. Women, tasked with domestic work, did the vast majority of the brewing.
Hops are a relatively new ingredient in beer, replacing the medicinal and psychotropic herbs once used. These beers were healing, and produced psychedelic states, often making women brewers the village healer.
Beer was made of grain, so mice were an issue, and cats were a must for brewing women.
A hat called 'the henin,' in the shape of a cone or steeple, was a popular item at the time. 'Alewives' - women who brewed beer commercially - had taken a taller version of the hat as a symbol of their trade, allowing them to easily stand out on street corners, markets, or festivals.
Most peasants were illiterate so worded signage wasn't used, instead an alewife would shove a broomstick in the ground by her gate or suspend it above her front door.
With a large cauldron of boiling wort outside her home, a broom stick over the door to mark herself open for business, cats to chase away mice, and a tall pointed hat to distinguish herself at the marketplace, Alewives began to catch the attention of the ruling class.
There was obviously money to be made in the increasingly profitable fields of brewing and medicine, and a move was made to take this power out of the decentralized hands of the innumerable women scattered across hills and glens who’d passed these arts down for generations.
They were declared heretics, tortured, and burnt alive. Their symbols were demonised and their motives questioned.
Both witches and cats became associated with the devil.
Pope Gregory IX accused witches of canoodling with black cats who were actually Lucifer in disguise. Cats were burned and hurled from bell towers.
Things got reversed - acts of evil were committed in the name of purity, hero(ine)s became villains and vice versa. We still live with this heritage - where darkness became synonymous with the devil.
A cat is a symbol of the night, of descent, of all the things we fear to face. It's also a symbol of the seer that can make sense of that darkness, and the eyes that reflect light back to itself.
I'm indebted to Karen Stallard for alerting me to the connection between Alewives and Cats